#!/usr/bin/env python3 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT # Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo Nogueira Grossi / G6 LLC """ book10/ch09-verify.py -- every quoted passage, page number, and hash in ch09-fifty-five-states-one-voice.html ("55 States, One Voice"). python3 book10/ch09-verify.py [--downloads DIR] [--ocr] Blocks [1] the four source PDFs are held, unchanged (sha256), at the hashes this corpus already recorded for them in book20/index-verify.py block [4b] [2] Fey (2014): the exact theorem statement, on the page the chapter cites [3] Suzumura (2001): the paradox description, the commerce-example propositions, and the Borda footnote (fn. 5, p.clxxix) the page-offset arithmetic in section 2's provenance box depends on [4] Suppes (2005): confirms the chapter's negative claim -- that this source never mentions Condorcet, voting, or the paradox by name, so treating it as a separate thread is not a convenient omission [5] with --ocr: the five Condorcet pages (58/lii, 60/liv, 63/lvii, 64/lviii, 185/clxxix), OCR'd fresh, checked against the exact French the chapter quotes and against the PDF-to-roman offset the provenance box states [6] the chapter page itself: every open/not-held tag is actually on the page, and book10/index.html links the chapter [HONESTY] Standard library, plus the `pdftotext` binary (poppler) for blocks [2]-[4], and `pdftoppm` + `tesseract` for block [5] (SKIP unless run with --ocr). """ import hashlib import os import re import subprocess import sys import tempfile from pathlib import Path ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent B10 = ROOT / "book10" FAIL = [] def check(label, ok, detail=""): print(("PASS " if ok else "FAIL ") + label + (f" -- {detail}" if detail else "")) if not ok: FAIL.append(label) def sha(p): h = hashlib.sha256() with open(p, "rb") as f: for b in iter(lambda: f.read(1 << 20), b""): h.update(b) return h.hexdigest() def downloads(): if "--downloads" in sys.argv: return Path(sys.argv[sys.argv.index("--downloads") + 1]) for c in ("~/mnt/Downloads", "~/Downloads"): p = Path(os.path.expanduser(c)) if p.is_dir(): return p return None def pdfpages(path): try: t = subprocess.run(["pdftotext", "-layout", str(path), "-"], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True).stdout return t.split("\f") except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, TypeError): return None DL = downloads() # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("[1] the four held sources -- hashes, matching book20/index-verify.py [4b]") # Same files, same hashes this corpus already recorded when it first confirmed # them live this session. Repeated here, not re-typed from memory: any drift # between this dict and book20's is itself a thing worth this script failing on. SC = { "Condorcet1785_ProbabiliteDecisions.pdf": ("775d898573e3401a448f4537b5be3d0638cb0a1e1196cc74b2a5b10f2efed2fa", 197), "ArrowProof3.pdf": ("4e7665926a30838639e798e581ee45131566420837db7750c2fd26cfd3c2db41", 6), "DP417.pdf": ("0743b37fb2a6292c3f264154a7128587d8d0039ab8b6e03253c7f76ad21a7672", 39), "the_pre-history_of_kenneth_arrows_social_choice_and_individual_values_406.pdf": ("1b9880ebbb51be71499d357bd9ac8b9743bde6add59414e8076b8a3b0e94fe07", 8), } paths = {} for name, (h, n) in SC.items(): p = DL / name if DL else None if p and p.exists(): paths[name] = p check(f"held, unchanged: {name[:44]}", sha(p) == h, h[:16]) else: check(f"held: {name[:44]}", False, "not found in Downloads") # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("[2] Fey 2014: the theorem, stated exactly") F = pdfpages(paths["ArrowProof3.pdf"]) if "ArrowProof3.pdf" in paths else None if F: fl = [re.sub(r"\s+", " ", x) for x in F] check("theorem statement on p. 2: Unanimity + IIA => a dictator", "If a social preference function satisfies Unanimity and IIA, then some indi- vidual is a dictator" in fl[1]) check("model is fully general: weak orders, >=3 alternatives", "at least three alternatives" in fl[1] and "weak orders" in fl[1]) check("Unanimity is defined on p. 2 (not assumed by this chapter)", "Unanimity if for all" in fl[1]) check("IIA is defined on p. 2 (not assumed by this chapter)", "Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives" in fl[1]) else: print("SKIP block [2]: ArrowProof3.pdf not reachable or pdftotext missing") # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("[3] Suzumura 2001: the paradox, the commerce propositions, the Borda footnote") S = pdfpages(paths["DP417.pdf"]) if "DP417.pdf" in paths else None if S: fl = [re.sub(r"\s+", " ", x) for x in S] i = next((k for k, x in enumerate(fl) if "may yield a social preference cycle" in x), None) check("the paradox is stated as a cycle (A beats B beats C beats A)", i is not None and "there exists no Condorcet winner" in fl[i], f"PDF page {i + 1 if i is not None else None}") j = next((k for k, x in enumerate(fl) if "first extended illustration of the paradox of voting" in x), None) check("Condorcet's first illustration is named as the commerce example", j is not None and "restriction placed on commerce" in fl[j], f"PDF page {j + 1 if j is not None else None}") check("the three commerce propositions (A, B, C) are quoted in full", all(s in "".join(fl) for s in ( "any restriction placed on commerce is an injustice", "only those restrictions placed through general laws can be just", "restrictions placed by particular orders can be just"))) k = next((x for x in fl if "Discours préliminaire, p.clxxix" in x), None) check("footnote 5 cites Condorcet 1785, Discours preliminaire, p.clxxix (the page-offset anchor)", k is not None, f"found: {'yes' if k else 'no'}") else: print("SKIP block [3]: DP417.pdf not reachable or pdftotext missing") # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("[4] Suppes 2005: confirms the chapter's negative claim (separate thread)") P = pdfpages(paths["the_pre-history_of_kenneth_arrows_social_choice_and_individual_values_406.pdf"]) \ if "the_pre-history_of_kenneth_arrows_social_choice_and_individual_values_406.pdf" in paths else None if P: flat = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", "".join(P)) hits = [w for w in ("condorcet", "paradox of voting", "voting cycle") if w in flat.lower()] check("Suppes never names Condorcet, the voting paradox, or a voting cycle", not hits, f"found: {hits}" if hits else "confirmed absent") check("Suppes is genuinely about something else (ordinal utility / axiomatic method)", "ordinal utility" in flat.lower() or "axiomatic method" in flat.lower()) else: print("SKIP block [4]: Suppes PDF not reachable or pdftotext missing") # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() if "--ocr" in sys.argv and DL and (DL / "Condorcet1785_ProbabiliteDecisions.pdf").exists(): print("[5] Condorcet, OCR'd fresh: the two examples and the page-offset anchor") def ocr(pg): with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d: subprocess.run(["pdftoppm", "-f", str(pg), "-l", str(pg), "-r", "150", "-gray", "-png", str(DL / "Condorcet1785_ProbabiliteDecisions.pdf"), f"{d}/i"], check=True) im = sorted(Path(d).glob("i*.png"))[0] return subprocess.run(["tesseract", str(im), "-", "-l", "eng"], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout try: C = {pg: re.sub(r"\s+", " ", ocr(pg)) for pg in (58, 60, 63, 64, 185)} check("offset anchor: PDF 185 carries the Borda 'imprime en entier' footnote (p.clxxix)", "imprim" in C[185] and "Ouvrage" in C[185]) check("PDF 58 (p. lii): the commerce example, 'liberte du commerce'", "commerce" in C[58].lower() or "commence" in C[58].lower()) check("PDF 60 (p. liv): the winning combination 'moins de voix'", "moins de voix" in C[60] or "moins de. voix" in C[60]) check("PDF 63 (p. lvii): 'de deux quelconques des trois' -- the cycle condition", "de deux quelconques des trois" in C[63]) check("PDF 64 (p. lviii): '60 Votans', 23/19/18 split", "60 Votans" in C[64] and "23" in C[64] and "19" in C[64] and "18" in C[64]) except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, IndexError) as e: print(f"SKIP block [5]: {e}") else: print("SKIP block [5] (run with --ocr; needs pdftoppm and tesseract, ~45s)") # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("[6] the chapter page: open tags present, and it is linked from the volume") CH = B10 / "ch09-fifty-five-states-one-voice.html" if CH.exists(): page = CH.read_text(encoding="utf-8") check("chapter file exists", True) check("Arrow (1951) is marked not held on the page, not silently assumed", "Arrow (1951)" in page and page.count('not held') >= 2) check("AU/AfCFTA procedure is marked not examined, not silently assumed", "not examined" in page) check("the sixty-voter split (23/19/18) appears on the page", "23 en faveur de A" in page and "19 en faveur de B" in page and "18 en faveur de C" in page) check("the page-offset arithmetic (roman = PDF - 6) is stated, not hidden in this script alone", "roman = PDF" in page) else: check("chapter file exists", False, str(CH)) IDX = B10 / "index.html" if IDX.exists(): itext = IDX.read_text(encoding="utf-8") check("book10/index.html links ch09", "ch09-fifty-five-states-one-voice.html" in itext) else: check("book10/index.html exists", False) # -------------------------------------------------------------------------- print() print("=" * 68) print("[HONESTY]") print(""" ESTABLISHED. That the two theorems this chapter states are quoted and cited correctly against the actual source files held for it, at the page numbers given; that the page-offset arithmetic used to cite Condorcet's 1785 Essai (a scan with no text layer) is anchored to a real, checkable footnote rather than assumed; and that Suppes (2005) really does not mention Condorcet or the voting paradox, so calling it a separate thread is not a convenient omission. NOT ESTABLISHED, and not claimed by the chapter either. That Arrow's 1951 book has been read -- it has not, and the page says so. That the African Union's or AfCFTA's actual decision procedure has been examined against either theorem -- it has not, and the page says so. That any real vote, anywhere, has ever produced a Condorcet cycle or hit Arrow's impossibility. Nothing in this script or the chapter it checks claims any of that. """) print("=" * 68) if FAIL: print(f"{len(FAIL)} CHECK(S) FAILED") for f in FAIL: print(" - " + f) sys.exit(1) print("ALL CHECKS PASSED")