#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Kikkawa -- four passages in one book, and the row in chGravity-scales they touch.

WHY THIS FILE EXISTS. book7/ch-kaku.html found that no page of the corpus names
Keiji Kikkawa, while chGravity-scales.html leans on string field theory and on
T-duality. The only source held that says what Kikkawa did is Kaku's account of
his own collaborator, in Parallel Worlds. This script confirms what that book says
he did (sentence by sentence, with the PDF page), does the arithmetic the duality
needs, and sets the corpus's list of string-interaction vertices beside the count
the book gives. It does NOT confirm the physics history: the papers are not held.

READS ~/Downloads/Michio-Kaku-Parallel-Worlds.pdf (447 PDF pages; book page = PDF page - 19).
Without pdftotext or the book those checks print SKIP, never PASS.
Standard library only.   python3 book7/ch-kikkawa-verify.py
"""
import math, os, re, subprocess, sys, html
from fractions import Fraction

fails, skips = [], []
def check(ok, msg, detail=''):
    print('    %s  %s%s' % ('PASS' if ok else 'FAIL', msg, ('  -- ' + detail) if detail and not ok else ''))
    if not ok: fails.append(msg)
def note(s): print('          ' + s)
def head(n, t): print('\n' + '=' * 72 + '\n  [%s]  %s\n' % (n, t) + '=' * 72)
ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

def squeeze(s):
    s = s.replace('­', '').lower()
    s = re.sub(r'-\s*\n\s*', '', s)
    return re.sub(r'[\s\-]+', '', s)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
head(1, 'WHAT PARALLEL WORLDS SAYS ABOUT HIM  (his collaborator\'s account, not an independent source)')
PW = None
for d in ('~/Downloads', '~/mnt/Downloads'):
    p = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(d), 'Michio-Kaku-Parallel-Worlds.pdf')
    if os.path.exists(p):
        try:
            txt = subprocess.run(['pdftotext', '-layout', p, '-'], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True).stdout
            PW = [squeeze(pg) for pg in txt.split('\f')]
        except Exception as e:
            print('    SKIP  pdftotext unavailable (%s)' % e.__class__.__name__)
        break
else:
    print('    SKIP  Parallel Worlds not found in ~/Downloads')
if PW is None: skips.append('PW')

def said(needle, msg):
    if PW is None:
        print('    SKIP  %s' % msg); return
    n = squeeze(needle)
    pgs = [i + 1 for i, pg in enumerate(PW) if n in pg]
    check(bool(pgs), '[PW pdf p.%s] %s' % (','.join(map(str, pgs[:3])) or '-', msg))

said('Bunji Sakita, Miguel Virasoro, and Keiji Kikkawa, then at the University of Wisconsin, realized that the S-matrix could be viewed as an infinite series of terms',
     'at Wisconsin with Sakita and Virasoro: the S-matrix as an infinite series, Veneziano the first term (book p.190)')
said('the Veneziano model was just the first and most important term in the series', 'Veneziano model = the first term of that series')
said('With my colleague Keiji Kikkawa of Osaka University, I successfully extracted the field theory of strings', '1974, Osaka: the field theory of strings, with Kaku (book p.191)')
said('Type I strings undergo five possible interactions', 'type I strings: five possible interactions (book p.209)')
said('For closed strings, only the last interaction is necessary', 'closed strings: only the last is necessary')
said('we showed that type I strings require five interactions', 'with string field theory they catalogued the interactions: five (book p.210)')
said('only one interaction term is necessary', 'closed strings: one interaction term')
said('Kikkawa and I also showed that it is possible to construct fully self-consistent theories with only closed strings', 'closed-string-only theories are self-consistent')
said('Today, these are called type II string theories', 'those are today called type II string theories')
said('This duality was first found in 1984 by my old colleague Keiji Kikkawa and his student Masami Yamasaki', 'the R <-> 1/R duality, 1984, with his student Yamasaki (book p.237)')
said('Kikkawa, Keiji, 190, 191, 209–10, 237', 'the index lists him on book pp.190, 191, 209-10, 237: the four passages, no others')

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
head('1b', 'INDEPENDENT SOURCES: THREE PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE WORKSHOP IN HIS HONOUR, AND ONE SECONDARY')
def load(name, layout=True):
    for d in ('~/Downloads', '~/mnt/Downloads'):
        pp = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(d), name)
        if os.path.exists(pp):
            try:
                out = subprocess.run(['pdftotext'] + (['-layout'] if layout else []) + [pp, '-'], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True).stdout
                return [squeeze(x) for x in out.split('\f')]
            except Exception: return None
    return None
SRC = {
 'Schwarz': ('M Theory Extensions of T Duality.pdf', 'J. H. Schwarz, hep-th/9601077 (CALT-68-2034, Jan 1996)'),
 'Ooguri':  ('String Solitons and Singularities of K3 .pdf', 'H. Ooguri, LBL-38591 (Dec 1995)'),
 'Kubota':  ('THE RUBAKOV-CALLAN EFFECT AND BLACK HOLES 1.pdf', 'T. Kubota, hep-th/9603079 (OU-HET 241, Mar 1996)'),
}
SD = {}
for k, (fn, label) in SRC.items():
    SD[k] = load(fn)
    if SD[k] is None: print('    SKIP  %s not found or unreadable' % fn); skips.append(k)
    else: print('    held  %-8s %s' % (k, label))
def sd(key, needle, msg):
    if SD.get(key) is None: print('    SKIP  [%s] %s' % (key, msg)); return
    n = squeeze(needle); pgs = [i + 1 for i, pg in enumerate(SD[key]) if n in pg]
    check(bool(pgs), '[%s p.%s] %s' % (key, ','.join(map(str, pgs[:3])) or '-', msg))
sd('Schwarz', 'in Honor of the 60th birthday of Keiji Kikkawa', 'presented at the workshop in honour of Kikkawa\'s 60th birthday')
sd('Schwarz', 'Osaka, Japan December 1995', 'Osaka, December 1995')
sd('Schwarz', 'Kikkawa and Yamasaki discovered the', 'Schwarz: Kikkawa and Yamasaki discovered "T duality"')
sd('Schwarz', 'arising from compactification of closed string theories on a circle', 'T duality = closed strings compactified on a circle')
sd('Schwarz', 'K. Kikkawa and M. Yamasaki, Phys. Lett. 149B (1984) 357', 'reference [3]: Kikkawa and Yamasaki, Phys. Lett. 149B (1984) 357')
sd('Schwarz', 'type IIB superstring theory on a circle and type IIA superstring theory on a circle of reciprocal radius', 'the duality relates IIB on a circle to IIA on a circle of reciprocal radius')
sd('Schwarz', 'K. Kikkawa, B. Sakita, and M.A. Virasoro, Phys. Rev. 184 (1969) 1701', 'reference [1]: Kikkawa, Sakita, Virasoro, Phys. Rev. 184 (1969) 1701')
sd('Schwarz', 'as the tree approximation of a unitary quantum theory', 'that paper: dual-resonance n-point functions as the tree approximation of a unitary quantum theory')
sd('Schwarz', 'K. Kikkawa and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Rev. D1 (1970) 724', 'reference [2]: Kikkawa and Schwarz, Phys. Rev. D1 (1970) 724')
sd('Schwarz', 'a study of the Regge asymptotic behavior of the KSV loop amplitudes', 'Schwarz and Kikkawa collaborated on the Regge asymptotic behaviour of the KSV loop amplitudes')
sd('Schwarz', 'On several occasions Keiji Kikkawa has pioneered concepts', 'Schwarz: on several occasions Kikkawa pioneered concepts that led to advances in string theory')
sd('Ooguri', 'K. Kikkawa and M. Yamasai, Phys. Lett. 149B (1984) 357', 'Ooguri cites the same paper (surname misspelt "Yamasai" in his list)')
sd('Ooguri', 'in honor of the 60th birthday of Professor Keiji Kikkawa', 'presented at the same workshop')
sd('Ooguri', 'Osaka, Japan, December 14-16, 1995', 'workshop dates: 14-16 December 1995')
sd('Kubota', 'T. KUBOTA Department of Physics, Osaka University', 'Kubota writes from the Department of Physics, Osaka University')
sd('Kubota', 'when I moved to Osaka University that I began to have the good fortune to work with Professor Keiji Kikkawa as one of his research associates', 'Kubota: research associate of Kikkawa at Osaka University from spring 1983')
sd('Kubota', 'K. Kikkawa, T. Kubota and H.S. Song, Prog. Theor. Phys. 71 (1984) 1346', 'Kubota\'s reference [3]: Kikkawa, Kubota, Song, Prog. Theor. Phys. 71 (1984) 1346')
# a fourth text repeats the credit, in a two-column layout the extractor interleaves; page-level check only, and it is NOT relied on
AP = load('APPRAISAL OF CONCEPT AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THEORY OF EVERYTHING OR GOD EQUATION AND CONSEQUENCE OF UNIVERSE.pdf', layout=False)
if AP is None: print('    SKIP  the "Appraisal" paper not found'); skips.append('Appraisal')
else:
    a1, a2 = squeeze('K. Kikkawa and M.'), squeeze('Yamasaki of Osaka Univ. in 1984')
    pgs = [i + 1 for i, pg in enumerate(AP) if a1 in pg and a2 in pg]
    check(bool(pgs), '[Appraisal p.%s] a 2025 journal paper repeats "Kikkawa and Yamasaki of Osaka Univ. in 1984" (tertiary; not relied on)' % ','.join(map(str, pgs)))
note('Schwarz, Ooguri and Kubota are independent of Kaku and of each other in what they cite; the papers they cite are NOT held.')

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
head(2, 'THE CORPUS ROW: HOW MANY STRING INTERACTIONS?   (R9: recorded, not resolved)')
def strip(s):
    s = re.sub(r'data:[^"\')\s]+', '', s)
    s = re.sub(r'<(script|style).*?</\1>', ' ', s, flags=re.S | re.I)
    return ' '.join(html.unescape(re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', ' ', s)).split())
gpath = os.path.join(ROOT, 'chGravity-scales.html')
g = strip(open(gpath, encoding='utf8', errors='ignore').read()) if os.path.exists(gpath) else ''
row = 'String interaction vertex: A₁ = emission, A₂ = splitting, A₃ = four-string junction. ADE singularity hierarchy in scattering amplitudes.'
check(row in g, 'chGravity-scales.html, F row, nano column, says exactly: ' + row[:70] + '...')
corpus_vertices = len(set(re.findall(r'A[₁₂₃] = ', row)))
book_open, book_closed = 5, 1
print('      corpus (F row)       : %d named vertices  (A1 emission, A2 splitting, A3 four-string junction)' % corpus_vertices)
print('      Parallel Worlds p.209: %d interactions for type I strings (break, join, fission), %d for closed strings' % (book_open, book_closed))
check(corpus_vertices == 3 and (book_open, book_closed) == (5, 1), 'the two counts are 3, 5 and 1 and they are not the same list')
note('They need not conflict: the corpus names singularity types of a fold hierarchy, the book counts')
note('terms in a field-theory action. Whether the A1-A3 hierarchy IS meant as the interaction terms is the')
note('AUTHOR\'S CALL [OPEN]; this script does not guess a mapping.')

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
head(3, 'THE DUALITY HE IS CREDITED WITH: A REFLECTION, NOT A RUNG')
print('  Closed string on a circle of radius R (alpha\' = 1): zero-mode M^2 = (n/R)^2 + (wR)^2.')
print('  [CITED, standard mass formula; not in the held text, which says the R and 1/R theories are "exactly the same".]')
def spec(R, nmax=6): return sorted((Fraction(n) / R) ** 2 + (w * R) ** 2 for n in range(-nmax, nmax + 1) for w in range(-nmax, nmax + 1))
check(all(spec(Fraction(p, q)) == spec(Fraction(q, p)) for p in range(1, 8) for q in range(1, 8)), 'the spectrum at R equals the spectrum at 1/R, n and w swapped (49 ratios)')
check([r for r in (Fraction(k, 100) for k in range(1, 1000)) if r == 1 / r] == [Fraction(1)], 'R = 1/R has the one positive solution R = 1')
x = lambda R: math.log10(R)
refl = lambda v: -v            # log R -> -log R
trans = lambda v: v + 10       # one Kardashev rung is +10 in log10 of power
vals = [-7.5, -1.0, 0.0, 3.25, 12.0]
check(all(refl(refl(v)) == v for v in vals) and refl(0.0) == 0.0 and all(refl(v) != v for v in vals if v != 0), 'log R -> -log R is an involution with exactly one fixed point (log R = 0)')
check(all(trans(v) != v for v in vals) and trans(trans(0.0)) == 20.0, 'a Kardashev rung, +10 in log10 power, has no fixed point and only ever moves one way')
note('So a scale ladder that goes on forever (translation) and a duality that folds the scale line back at')
note('one point (reflection) are different maps. chGravity-scales has a scale ladder and a self-dual point on the')
note('same nano column; whether they are one structure is a MODEL question, not claimed here.')
note('UNIT [OPEN]: R = 1 here is the string length; Parallel Worlds states the circles against the Planck length.')

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
head(4, 'A NAMESAKE, RECORDED SO NOBODY MERGES THEM')
p = os.path.join(ROOT, 'book6', 'ch07-microtubule-fibonacci.html')
if os.path.exists(p):
    t = strip(open(p, encoding='utf8', errors='ignore').read())
    check('Kikkawa, M., Ishikawa, T., Nakayama, T., Hirokawa, N. (1994)' in t, 'book6/ch07-microtubule-fibonacci cites M. Kikkawa (J. Cell Biol. 1994, the microtubule seam): the author of a J. Cell Biol. paper, not the string theorist')
else:
    print('    SKIP  book6/ch07 not present'); skips.append('ch07')

print('\n' + '=' * 72)
if skips: print('  SKIPPED (not passed, not failed): %s' % ', '.join(skips))
if fails:
    print('  %d FAIL:' % len(fails)); [print('    - ' + f) for f in fails]; sys.exit(1)
print('  all run checks passed.')
print('  Recorded as open, not checked: the 1974 and 1984 papers (WANTED, not held); whether the A1-A3')
print('  hierarchy is the interaction terms (author\'s call); Planck vs string length (OPEN).')