Principia Orthogona  ·  Book 6  ·  Differential Equations
Elliptic / Poisson Foundations Heat Equation Lifting to a Box Domain Helix Toy Model The Cosmic No-Go A Nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion Fold
Ah(2D) = Ah ⊗ I + I ⊗ Ah
the discrete lift, exactly

Lifting to a Box Domain (2D/3D)

the continuous side is a real, checkable question; the discrete side is already mechanical

Book 6's first three chapters all fixed d=1 deliberately. The question this chapter takes on is whether that was a genuine simplification or just a starting point — and the honest answer splits in two, one half settled here, one half still open pending an actual compile.

The discrete side: mechanical, verified this session

The heat equation chapter's discrete Laplacian Ah (Part II) is the standard 1D tridiagonal matrix. Its two-dimensional analogue on an N×N grid — the 5-point stencil finite-difference Laplacian on the box (0,1)² — is not a new object requiring new machinery. It is exactly the Kronecker sum of the same 1D matrix with itself:

Ah(2D) = Ah ⊗ IN + IN ⊗ Ah,

and because Kronecker sums of symmetric matrices diagonalize in the tensor-product eigenbasis, the eigenvalues lift by simple addition: every 2D eigenvalue is a sum of two 1D eigenvalues from the heat equation chapter's own Prop. 12.1,

λk,l = λk + λl = (4/h²)[sin²(kπh/2) + sin²(lπh/2)].
Verified this session (numpy, N=6 grid, exact eigendecomposition, not assumed from the algebra alone): max |eigenvalues(A_h^2D) - {lambda_k + lambda_l : all pairs}| = 2.8e-13 -- i.e. exact agreement to machine precision. Conditioning scaling, N = 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64: h: 0.2000 0.1111 0.0588 0.0303 0.0204 0.0154 kappa: 9.47 32.16 116.46 440.69 972.42 1711.66 Fitted log-log slope: -2.0224 (heat equation chapter's own 1D result, Thm 13.1: -2.016)

The conditioning bound is the genuinely interesting fact here: despite moving from 1 to 2 dimensions, κ(Ah(2D)) = Θ(h−2) — the same exponent as the 1D case, not h−4 or some dimension-dependent rate. Iterative solver cost still scales as O(h−1) CG iterations regardless of dimension, for this discretization. This is not obvious in advance; it falls directly out of the Kronecker structure once the eigenvalues are additive.

The continuous side: a real, still-open question

The harder half is whether the heat equation's Part I — the H²₀(0,1) construction currently sitting behind an axiom — lifts as cleanly. The reconnaissance into Scott Armstrong and Julia Kempe's DeGiorgi Sobolev-space library found real reason for optimism: their core definitions (MemW1p, MemW1pWitness, MemW01p, MemH01) are stated for Ω : Set E with E := EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin d) and d a fully generic variable — no ball, no d ≥ 3 restriction anywhere in that layer. A scratch test (degiorgi-sobolev-scratch/DeGiorgiSobolevScratch/BoxDomainTest.lean) applies their own memW01p_of_contDiff_hasCompactSupport_subset lemma directly to a 2D box domain and to the exact 1D interval this corpus already uses, producing two theorems (boxBump2D_memH01, intervalBump1D_memH01) that are not sorry — they are real applications of the real, fetched lemma signature.

That test has not been compiled. It is a strong, source-grounded reason to expect the lift works, not a proof that it does — the scratch project needs an actual lake build, on a separate Lean/Mathlib pin (v4.29.0-rc6) from this repo's own (v4.14.0), which has not yet been run. Until it is, this chapter's continuous half stays exactly where the reconnaissance left it: plausible and specific, not confirmed.

StatementStatusNotes
2D discrete Laplacian as Kronecker sumverified numericallyExact to machine precision against the 1D eigenvalue formula; not yet a Lean theorem
κ(Ah(2D)) = Θ(h−2)verified numericallyFitted slope −2.022 across six mesh sizes, matching the 1D result
MemH01 domain-genericity (box, 2D and 1D)written, not compiledReal applications of DeGiorgi's own lemma; pending lake build
Full Parts I–III lift to 2D/3Dnot startedDepends on the compile above; the discrete half (this chapter) is ready to receive it
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