WP-131 · 3 October 2026
ECONOMICS · POLICY

Finance and Accounting for Human and Animal Resources

A Modest Proposal, and the record behind it. Part I is satire in a conjured Swift’s voice; Part II is the sourced paper, with each source linked in order and marked as read in full, summary or headline only.

Satire in Part I · evidence in Part II · English and Português
Related in this book

The author’s earlier chapter Bitter Cargo follows sugar, cacao, tea and pepper from coerced labour to the present, and WP-128 and WP-129 test claims about work and wages against public series. Those pages carry their own status tables; the figures in them were not re-checked for this paper.

Part I. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Creatures of Any Country from Being a Burden to the Dashboard, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public Ledger

Satire. The narrator is conjured from the Deanery of St Patrick's, where Jonathan Swift has been dead since 1745 and is, by his own account, astonished to find the arrangements he satirised now operating at scale and in good order. His voice is not ours; he is the target. Part II, which follows, is the record: every figure the narrator uses is traced there to its source, with what was read and what was not.

It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great Platform, when they see the feeds, the farms and the phones crowded with creatures of both sexes and every species, whose conduct passes entirely unrecorded. I speak of the cow, the clerk, the dairymaid and the driver, each of whom does, at every hour, a hundred things of value, and not one of them entered in a book.

I am assured by a very knowing gentleman of my acquaintance in Paraná that ten dairy cows, valued at near a hundred and twenty thousand reais, have been given each a digital identity and pledged against a note of a hundred thousand. I was moved to see that the instrument provides for the cows' death: another is supplied. I have read many contracts, and none shows so gentle an understanding of the mortal condition. The cows were not consulted, but the cow has never held a vote, and is known to be happy when well documented.

I am further assured that the collar which attends these animals reports their health, their conduct and their fertility to a screen, and that the farmer's yield is thereby raised by a fifth. A fifth! I confess I looked about for the catch, and found it was the cow.

Now to my proposal. Let there be one office. For too long it has kept two nameplates, Human Resources and Animal Resources, and any plantation bookkeeper could have told the Board they were one department. The ledgers of that trade kept the hand and the mule in adjoining columns; I propose only that we cease to blush about it.

I have been told by learned persons that the people already wear the collar. They call it a telephone and fasten it on themselves, and what is more, they charge it, which is an economy no cow could compass. It reports where they go, how long they stay, what they hesitate over and what they leave unbought. This the learned call behavioural surplus, a phrase I have long admired, for it makes a harvest sound like a gift. It is then run through machinery, turned into predictions, and sold in a market for behavioural futures, where the buyer is a merchant and the thing bought is, in the strictest sense, what you will do tomorrow. I have myself proposed eating the children of the Irish, but it never occurred to me to sell their Thursdays.

The Happy Consumer. All this is conducted, I am told, for the delight of one person: the consumer. She desires only a better experience, and must therefore be spared the knowledge of what that experience cost. This is the capital art of the frictionless ledger. It does not conceal its expenses; it merely declines to draw the screen on which they would appear. The herd, the warehouse, the debt and the driver appear nowhere on the dashboard, and the consumer, relieved, concludes that there are none. I observe that I achieved no such effect with my pamphlet, which sold out in a week to people who understood it perfectly.

Of the Big Other. One of the learned has called the whole apparatus Big Other, to distinguish it from Mr Orwell's Big Brother, who was a crude fellow and made himself plain. The Other is far politer. It does not watch you; it merely knows, and offers you, with perfect courtesy, the thing you were about to want. There is no exit, but there is a very pleasant lobby.

Of the Financing of Masters, whether of Hands or of Herds. I come now to the part of my scheme that will most endear it to persons of substance, namely the bankers. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a master of men, in possession of a good estate, must be in want of credit. The planters of the last age understood this better than any, and their bankers, who were practical men, took as security the one asset on the estate that could not be said to be idle: the persons themselves. A mortgage upon a human being was entered in a ledger with the same composure as one upon a barn, and with a good deal more confidence, the barn being liable to fire. The system was admired for its efficiency, and I am told that a great many persons, who never saw a field, held paper upon it, and slept well.

I am pleased to report that the herd-master of our own day is no less well served. He too has found that the animals on his land, though they eat his grass, are worth more pledged than pastured. Let them be tagged, let a collar report their health to a registry, let the registry be consulted by a fund, and the cow becomes security for a note. The farmer receives his hundred thousand; the originator takes its fee; the fund buys the paper; the exchange keeps the record; and the cow, who is in every instance the collateral and in none the party, goes on grazing with the serenity proper to one who has been appraised.

Observe the convenience to the banker. A herd that is observed is a herd that may be valued; a herd that may be valued may be lent against; and a loan against a valued herd carries a risk so small that the lender need only watch it. The collar does the watching. This is what the learned call risk minimisation, and what the plantation clerk called knowing what the people were doing. It is the same principle, improved in its instruments.

Observe, too, the efficiency to Society. Capital that would have lain idle in a bank is put to work against the whole creaturely stock of a country, human and animal, and every creature that is thereby priced becomes legible to the market, which is the greatest good I can conceive. It is true that the creature has no say in the matter; but I have never heard that a spreadsheet wished to consult the figures it contained.

Of the Tender Years. I should be remiss, having surveyed the cow and the clerk, to omit the creature most deserving of the Public Ledger's attention, namely the child. She is, of all the stock in a country, the best suited to the scheme, being tagged already by her school, her slate and her mother's good intentions, and being incapable by nature of objecting to any of them.

Consider the economy of it. A camera is fixed above the car park of a high school, and I am told that in one county it was fixed there with an agreement, and in the next without one, and was removed when that was noticed. It reads the number of every car, which is to say it reads the parents, and in a manner of speaking the children who came in them. It keeps what it reads for a year. The parents are not asked, and I find this a mercy, for the labour of consent is a heavy one, and the learned tell me the camera abolishes it. How much easier to be watched on behalf of one's children than to be asked!

The police, I am assured, look at the record only for the purposes of crime. I believe this absolutely. I have observed that an officer in Kentucky once used such a machine to follow a woman he had known, and that others have been stopped on the strength of a plate the machine misread, and that more than two hundred towns have since declined to renew. I take these to be a proof of the system's vigour, since a thing that is cancelled so often must be much wanted. And I am told, though it has not been tried in a court, that the record is looked at by persons in other states and other offices, in numbers that run to millions. I draw no conclusion. It is not my place.

Nor need the parent wait for the council to install a camera, since the household may fit its own. I am told the doorbell company concluded in October last year an agreement with the plate-reading house, whereby a neighbour's footage might be offered up for \"evidence collection and investigative work\", and that in February of this year the two houses, by a joint decision, called it off, the integration requiring \"significantly more time and resources than anticipated.\" I note that it was a matter of time and resources. I am also told that the same company once paid a commission five million eight hundred thousand dollars after its staff were found to have viewed customers' videos, and I take this as a proof that the matter has been attended to.

I am asked whether anyone sells the child's movements. The great houses say no, and say it with perfect truth: they do not sell the movements. They sell the forecast of them, which is a different article and, I am assured, a far more delicate one. For the cruder trade, the brokers of mere location, I understand that a commission in Washington has had occasion to say a word, and that in California a register has been opened in which some twenty-four of them confess, with admirable candour, to dealing in what they call information about minors. The learned say that those who do not sell raw data are not guilty of selling it. I find this a very satisfactory distinction, and I commend it to any family that has been told it.

What an advantage, then, to the happy consumer! She may drop her daughter at the gate and know, without being told, that the gate is safe. She does not see the record, nor who reads it. This is, I am informed, called peace of mind, and it is delivered at no cost to her, the cameras being provided free for the minimum of two years.

Objections. I am told that a system which lends against cows today may lend against school attendance tomorrow. I answer that the system has no such design, and that if it had it would call it a tool. I am told that someone, somewhere, pays for the collar. That someone is not on the dashboard, and I decline to enlarge the screen.

I can think of no one more obliged to the author of this scheme than myself, having no cows, no children and, as the system has recently confirmed to me, no further opportunities to be consulted. I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in promoting this work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for the herd, and giving some pleasure to the consumer.

Part II. The record

Abstract

The motive behind tracking people and animals as assets has been constant for centuries: control, asset protection, and lower financial risk. What the digital economy changed, on Shoshana Zuboff's account in The Age of Surveillance Capitalism (2019), is the mechanism: behavioural data extracted without reciprocity and sold as predictions. This paper separates what the sources establish from what is only alleged, and from what we could not find. It does not establish that any named investor or company is behind the Brazilian cattle-collateral pilot, that children's movements from school-lot cameras are sold, or the detail of securitised slave mortgages beyond what is flagged below.

How to read this part

Each claim in Part I appears below with its source and a status. Read in full means the text was opened and read. Page summary means a fetch tool returned a summary of the page, not the full text. Headline only means only a search-result title was seen. Press reports are secondary and sometimes derived from company announcements; where a primary document exists it is named as still to be read.

ClaimStatusBasis
Plantation owners kept systematic accounts and tracked enslaved workers as inputs of productionSupportedRosenthal, via Harvard Magazine (page summary); the book itself not read
Lending was secured against enslaved personsDocumented practice; details unverifiedWikipedia \"Slave mortgage\" (page summary, citing Schermerhorn and Martin); securitisation detail not in it and Baptist not read
Ten dairy cows pledged against a R$100,000 note, registered at B3ReportedExame, CoinDesk, BigGo (page summaries, secondary); CVM filings not read
Halter's Series E, $220M, $2B valuation, led by Founders FundReportedTechCrunch (page summary) and Halter's press release (full text read); company-derived
Halter or Thiel connected to the Brazilian pilotNot foundNeither article names them
Flock plate readers in nine Aurora high-school lots; one-year retentionReportedHoodline (page summary)
Federal and out-of-state agencies searched local Flock databases millions of timesAllegedCourthouse News on a California suit; no ruling
Data brokers have sold raw location data tied to advertising IDsSettled allegationFTC X-Mode/Outlogic press release (page summary)
Twenty-four registered brokers disclose trading in information about minorsReportedMalwarebytes on the California registry (page summary)
Children's movements from school-lot cameras are sold to third partiesNot foundAurora article states nothing on sales
Google sells predictions, not raw dataSupportedZuboff, full text searched, relevant passages read
Ring and Flock announced a footage-sharing deal (Oct 2025) and cancelled it (13 Feb 2026)ReportedTechCrunch (page summary); company statements
Ring staff had unrestricted access to customer video; hackers reached about 55,000 accounts and harassed users, including childrenAllegation; proposed order of $5.8MFTC press release, 31 May 2023 (page summary); final disposition not checked
Amazon kept children's Alexa voice recordings and location data after deletion requestsAllegation; proposed order of $25MFTC and DOJ press release, 31 May 2023 (page summary); final disposition not checked
Home-camera or smart-device data reveals when children are home alone, and is passed to third partiesNot found as a documented factPlausible inference from the above; see section 6

1. Thesis: the function is old, the mechanism is not

Tracking and measuring human behaviour has served to control populations, protect assets and limit economic risk across merchant, imperial, plantation and factory settings. The digital age did not invent surveillance as an economic engine; it supplied the infrastructure and scale that make the older dynamic visible and ubiquitous.

Zuboff's book argues against the strong form of that sentence. Chapter 1, section IV, calls surveillance capitalism \"a new actor in history, both original and sui generis\" and warns against reading it through familiar categories (her \"horseless carriage\" error). In Part III she makes the same objection to reading instrumentarian power through totalitarianism.

The two positions can be reconciled if the claim is split. Continuity holds at the level of function: control, asset protection, risk reduction. Novelty holds at the level of mechanism: behavioural surplus extracted from users without a fee, turned into prediction products, and sold in markets for behavioural futures. This paper defends the split, not the strong continuity claim. A single sentence that carries it:

Tracking and measuring behaviour to control populations, protect assets and limit risk has recurred across merchant, imperial, plantation and factory settings; what is new in the digital case, on Zuboff's account, is not the motive but the mechanism: behavioural data extracted without reciprocity and sold as predictions.

2. Antecedents: what the sources support

Plantation accounting. Caitlin Rosenthal's argument in Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management (2018), as reported in Harvard Magazine, is that systematic accounting practices thrived on antebellum plantations because of the chattel principle, not despite it. Owners used multidivisional structures, standardisation and early forms of scientific management, treating enslaved workers as inputs of production and tracking their output closely. This is the best-supported antecedent for the paper. The book itself, Accounting for Slavery (Harvard University Press, 2018), has not been read here; the claims above come from the magazine's account of it.

Observed unfree labour. Zuboff mentions Samuel Bentham's design of the panopticon, made to oversee serfs on Prince Potemkin's estate in the late eighteenth century (index pp. 470–471 of the 2019 edition). It is a single sentence in her argument, used as a metaphor for \"no exit\", not as a historical study of estate surveillance.

Recurring commodification. In Chapter 4 she follows Polanyi, Marx, Arendt and Harvey: capitalism repeatedly takes things from outside the market and turns them into commodities, and primitive accumulation recurs rather than happening once. She places surveillance capitalism in that pattern. This supports continuity of the pattern, not continuity of surveillance as such.

Factory control. Chapter 2 treats Ford-era mass production as a logic that depended on reciprocities with workers and consumers; her Durkheim passage shows industrial principles spreading outward into society. Both help the factory example, but neither is an account of factory oversight as surveillance.

What Zuboff does not supply. A search of her full text found no discussion of medieval merchant networks, imperial census-taking or plantation accounting. \"Census\" appears only for the US Census Bureau and the Web Privacy Census, and \"enslavement\" appears as metaphor or as colonial conquest. Those antecedents need their own sources: Rosenthal for plantations, and for the state-and-census argument, James Scott's Seeing Like a State and James Beniger's The Control Revolution, neither of which has been read for this paper.

3. Lending against persons

A slave mortgage was, in the words of the Wikipedia article, \"a financial instrument used by financiers wherein money was lent on the basis of the value of enslaved people.\" The article cites historian Calvin Schermerhorn for the point that such loans drew equity out of enslaved people's bodies to reinvest in sugar-refining technology and in more enslaved workers, and Bonnie Martin for the point that the gap between recording a mortgage and foreclosure made this financial engine \"relatively invisible\". It reports records in Louisiana, South Carolina, Virginia and South Africa, and notes that slave owners insured enslaved workers rented out to industry after the 1808 ban on importation.

What was read: the Wikipedia page summary, a secondary source. What is not established here:

The defensible claim, then: lending secured on enslaved people is a documented practice (Schermerhorn, Martin, via Wikipedia). Its scale and its securitisation are open until the primary scholarship is read.

4. Lending against herds

The Brazilian pilot. In July 2026 a pilot in Paraná registered ten dairy cows as collateral on B3, Brazil's exchange. Exame, reporting via Cointelegraph, names the parties: the producer Fazenda Engenho Velho (Imbituva), the credit originator BMP Sociedade de Crédito Direto, the buyer Target FIDC, the technology provider Cowmed, and the exchange B3. The instrument was a CPR-F (Cédula de Produto Rural Financeira), a financial agricultural note, for R$100,000, backed by ten cows valued at R$120,000. CoinDesk describes Cowmed's AI \"Smarty Collar\", which streams health, location and behaviour and converts each cow's data into an encrypted digital identity; Cowmed is said to monitor about 100,000 dairy cows on over 1,000 farms. BigGo Finance adds that the loan contract includes a replacement provision if animals die.

All three are secondary sources and none gives a CNPJ or contract reference. The primary records, namely Target FIDC's filings with the CVM, the CPR-F registration at B3, and BMP's own regulatory data, have not been read; our fetch tool could not reach the CVM site. The facts above are therefore reported, not verified.

Halter and Founders Fund. Halter is a New Zealand maker of solar-powered cattle collars that use audio and vibration cues in place of fences and track behaviour, health and fertility. TechCrunch reports that Founders Fund, co-founded by Peter Thiel, led a $220 million Series E at a $2 billion valuation in March 2026, that Halter operates in New Zealand, Australia and 22 US states, and that expansion into South America is a stated future priority. The article says nothing on financing or collateral. The productivity figure (\"up to 20%\") is a company claim. Halter's own press release (Business Wire, 24 March 2026; reference 30; full text read) confirms the round and the lead investor, reports one million collars sold and more than 2,000 farmers and ranchers in New Zealand, Australia and the United States, and says the company is exploring further expansion in North and South America that year. It names no country in South America, no lender and no cattle-collateral scheme. It is a company statement, not an independent source. It does not say whether the $2 billion is the valuation before or after the new money; the earlier Investing.com Brasil report, relaying Bloomberg and unnamed sources, described about $2 billion as the valuation before it.

What is not established. Neither the Exame, CoinDesk nor BigGo article mentions Halter, Thiel or Founders Fund, and Halter's Brazil plans are not confirmed: its own press release (reference 30) says only that it is exploring South America, naming no country. We looked for a link between the Brazilian pilot and Halter or Founders Fund and found none, including in Portuguese-language results, where coverage of Halter is open (headline only for TecMundo, full text for Investing.com Brasil: TecMundo, Investing.com Brasil). Absence of coverage is not evidence of suppression: the press is not a neutral instrument here, and silence tells us nothing either way. The structural parallel, per-animal tracking data enabling lending against animals, is a hypothesis about what such data makes possible, not a reported fact about Halter.

5. The mechanism: what is sold

Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism (2019; the PDF supplied was searched in full and the relevant passages read), supplies the vocabulary. Her definition is a market form that claims human experience as free raw material for hidden commercial practices of extraction, prediction and sales. Four terms carry the argument here.

Raw data is also sold, by other firms. The distinction matters because the claim \"data is sold\" is true in two different senses. Google's model, per Zuboff, sells forecasts. Data brokers sell the underlying records: see section 6.

What this section does not establish. A search of Zuboff's text found no passage specifically about keystroke capture, so a claim about keystrokes cannot be attributed to her; it would need another source. Her account is of Google's early years and of the logic that followed, not an audit of any current company's sales.

6. Children and places

What the cameras are. Flock sells automated license-plate readers and a nationwide data network. Northeastern University's news service (August 2026) puts the network at over 120,000 cameras across 49 states, and reports documented problems: a Kentucky officer allegedly used the system to surveil a former partner, high false-positive rates led to wrongful stops, and the LAPD cancelled its contract. Over 200 cities and counties have ended Flock contracts. The article makes no claims about children or schools.

In school lots. Hoodline (September 2026) reports plate readers in the parking lots of nine Aurora, Colorado high schools. Aurora police policy limits access to law-enforcement investigative purposes and generally restricts release outside law enforcement; scans are retained for one year. Aurora Public Schools signed an agreement and kept five cameras, at no cost for at least two years. Cherry Creek Schools removed four in May 2026 after finding no official agreement. Civil-rights attorney Andy McNulty is quoted calling it a \"massive invasion of privacy\" that removes parental consent for monitoring minors. That is one advocate's view; we found no survey of parents. The article says nothing about data being sold.

Alleged wider access. Courthouse News reports a suit by two California drivers alleging that federal and out-of-state agencies reached local Flock data through indirect routes. Cited figures, all allegations: 1.6 million out-of-state searches of the San Francisco Police Department database (August 2024 to February 2025), over a million searches of the Los Altos database, and one California Highway Patrol search across 845 agency databases on behalf of ICE. No ruling has issued, and Flock says it will defend itself vigorously.

Raw data sold by brokers. The FTC's order against X-Mode Social and Outlogic (January 2024) found, in a settled complaint, that the company sold precise location data tied to advertising IDs, not anonymised, to hundreds of clients including finance, real estate and government contractors; it exposed visits to clinics, places of worship, abuse shelters and protests. The release does not mention children. Malwarebytes, reading the California Privacy Protection Agency's registry of about 480 data brokers, reports that 24 disclosed trading in information about minors and 79 in precise geolocation, and notes that disclosure of children's data sales only became required once the Delete Act took effect.

Home cameras: Ring. Ring is Amazon's doorbell and home-camera line, and it sits on the other side of the same line: the camera is on private property, owned by a household. TechCrunch reports that Ring and Flock announced a deal in October 2025 that would have let Ring users share footage with Flock's network of public-safety agencies, and that on 13 February 2026 the companies cancelled it by \"joint decision\", with Ring saying the integration would \"require significantly more time and resources than anticipated.\" The same article says Ring already enables voluntary sharing with law enforcement and partners with Axon for that purpose, and does not say whether police can reach footage without the user's consent. Two Ring features appear: Search Party (shown in a Super Bowl ad to find lost dogs across neighbourhood cameras; Ring says it is not capable of processing human biometrics) and Familiar Faces (rolled out December 2025; users catalogue frequent visitors for personalised alerts). Those are company statements.

The documented record on privacy is older and comes from a regulator. The FTC's May 2023 action alleged that Ring gave employees and contractors unrestricted access to customer videos, that one employee viewed thousands of intimate recordings from female users' bathrooms and bedrooms over several months, and that hackers exploiting weak security reached about 55,000 accounts and used the two-way function to harass people, including children. The proposed order required Ring to pay $5.8 million for consumer refunds, to delete customer videos and face embeddings obtained before 2018 and the work products derived from them, and to add multi-factor authentication and safeguards on human review. The first part is an allegation; the second is the settlement as proposed in that press release (court approval was pending then, and the final disposition was not checked here).

What this adds, and does not. Ring footage is a home-owned data stream that a platform can route to police if the owner opts in; the cancelled Flock link would have joined that stream to the plate-reader network. The reporting shows an announced and cancelled integration, not an operating one. It does not show footage of children being sold.

Smart devices and children at home. Amazon's Alexa is the nearest documented case of a household device holding children's data. The FTC and DOJ charged Amazon (31 May 2023) with keeping children's voice recordings indefinitely, failing to honour parents' deletion requests for voice and geolocation data, and using the retained recordings to improve its Alexa algorithm. The proposed order carried a $25 million civil penalty, deletion of inactive child accounts and certain recordings and location data, and a ban on using geolocation, voice or children's voice data to create or improve any data product. Court approval was pending at the time of that release, and we did not check the final disposition.

The broader point, that a camera, doorbell or smart speaker necessarily records when the home is occupied and, by implication, when children are there alone, is an inference. Alerts, motion events and voice activity are timestamped by design, and the documented cases show that such data has been retained beyond what users expected (Alexa), seen by staff who should not have seen it (Ring) and, in a now-cancelled plan, offered towards police networks (Ring and Flock). We found no source showing that occupancy or home-alone patterns are sold or passed on, and the paper does not claim it. The honest claim is narrower and still serious: the devices generate the data, and the controls on it have been shown to fail.

Do devices talk to agencies directly? We found no source showing a default, automatic feed from a consumer camera or speaker to a government agency. For consumer devices the documented routes are indirect, and there are four; school-deployed monitoring, below, is the exception:

  1. Owner opt-in. Ring lets users share footage with police voluntarily and partners with Axon for that purpose (TechCrunch). The cancelled Flock link would have added a second channel of the same kind.
  2. Company disclosure without consent or a warrant. In a letter to Senator Edward Markey, Amazon said it gave police Ring footage 11 times in 2022 without the owner's consent or a warrant, under an \"emergency\" exception for \"imminent danger of death or serious physical injury\". The Intercept reports that Amazon gave no details of the cases, of how it defines an emergency or of its approval process. Amazon describes it as a good-faith determination.
  3. Cross-agency access to platform databases. For plate readers, the California suit alleges federal and out-of-state agencies searched local Flock data through indirect routes (section 6 above). That is an allegation, not a finding.
  4. Purchase from brokers. The Brennan Center's report Closing the Data Broker Loophole says state and local police, the FBI, IRS, DEA, the Department of Defense and Homeland Security have bought data (location, communications metadata, health, financial and biometric records) from brokers. It says several agencies argue that Carpenter v. United States (2018), which required warrants for historical cell-site records, does not reach commercial purchases, and that the Electronic Communications Privacy Act does not cover many app developers or brokers. Those are the Center's reading of the law and an advocacy position, not a court ruling; it backs the proposed Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act.

So the accurate wording is that devices feed platforms, and platforms and brokers are the channels through which agencies can reach the data, by consent, by emergency exception, by cross-agency access or by purchase. None of these four consumer routes was shown to be specific to children, and the paper does not claim it; the school route below is. Warrants and subpoenas are a further, ordinary route; no source on them was read here.

The direct route: monitoring software in schools. Here a device-level alert does reach law enforcement quickly and with little human review, because the school deploys the tool. NBC Miami reports a 13-year-old at Fairview Middle School, Tennessee, arrested in August 2023 after Gaggle, a school monitoring system, flagged a line she wrote in a school email chat in response to friends' jokes about her complexion. Her mother says it was a joke. The consequences reported were arrest, interrogation, a strip search, overnight detention, eight weeks of house arrest, a psychological evaluation and 20 days at an alternative school. Tennessee's 2023 zero-tolerance law requires immediate reporting of mass-violence threats to law enforcement. Gaggle's CEO is quoted saying the school misused the tool and that alerts should lead to \"teachable moments\", not police involvement.

The same article reports a West Palm Beach girl arrested within hours after Snapchat's automated detection picked up a private joke about a school shooting and alerted the FBI, and gives false-alarm figures from Lawrence, Kansas: over 1,200 Gaggle alerts in ten months, nearly two-thirds judged non-issues by officials, including more than 200 from student homework. It also reports nearly 500 Gaggle alerts over four years in Polk County, Florida, resulting in 72 involuntary hospitalisations under the Baker Act. These are reported figures from one outlet; we did not read the underlying district records.

A second case, in Volusia County, Florida, is reported by Euronews (8 October 2025): a 13-year-old at Southwestern Middle School in DeLand typed into ChatGPT a question about how to kill his friend in the middle of class; Gaggle detected the query and alerted the school's assigned police officer; the boy said he was joking and was arrested. The article does not specify charges. The original WFLA report returned an access error when fetched, so this rests on Euronews alone. The cases involve typed text and are tied to monitoring software the school bought, not to home cameras.

What this adds to the question above: the answer for children at school is yes. A school-deployed tool can send an alert straight to a school police officer or, in the reported Snapchat case, to the FBI, with the family not consulted. The documented harms here are over-flagging and severe consequences for jokes. The sources do not show these records being sold.

The bystander: a neighbour's door camera. A different exposure comes from cameras that other people install. Take an apartment building where one resident fits a camera in the door, for safety. It records the shared hallway, and so anyone who passes or whose own door is opposite; whether it also sees into a neighbour's flat when that door opens depends on the lens and angle, which a neighbour cannot know from outside. That scenario is a hypothetical here. The paper reports no documented case of it and makes no claim about any particular building or person.

Two sources bear on it. A British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal ruling, reported by Condo Living, ordered a resident to remove a peephole camera he installed because of harassment in the hallway: the tribunal held that the door's exterior is common property, that the building had no bylaw allowing cameras there, and that the device would record other residents in the hallway even if recording was limited. It accepted his interest in security but found it did not make the refusal unreasonable. The report adds that B.C.'s private-sector privacy statute (PIPA) requires a bylaw and notification to residents before a strata may put cameras on common property, which is a notice mechanism of the kind this paper finds missing elsewhere. That is a Canadian tribunal on a strata plan, not US or New Jersey law. RecordingLaw.com, a general-information site, says legality depends mostly on the state and on what the camera actually sees, that apartments and hallways raise lease and common-area rules, and that audio is a separate question; it gives no New Jersey answer, and it says it is not legal advice. We found no authoritative statement of New Jersey law on this (a news article on it was blocked from fetching), so the position of a New Jersey tenant is open here.

What this adds to the paper's argument: the people exposed by a household camera are often not its owner, did not choose it and are not told it exists. The consent that consumer law relies on is given by the buyer, not by the neighbour, the guest, the delivery driver or the child who walks past.

What is not established. That children's movements from school-lot plate readers are sold to third parties. What the sources show is vehicle data, broad law-enforcement access (alleged beyond the stated policy), and a separate commercial trade in location data and, by registry disclosure, in information about minors. Linking the two would need evidence that school-lot data enters that trade, and we found none.

7. The laws, and the race to adopt

The laws that exist to protect consumers, in the United States and in Brazil, mostly work by consent after the fact, not by alerting people before they adopt. This section sets out what the sources show for that claim, and where they stop. We did not survey the statutes themselves; what follows rests on the sources named.

Consent that does not inform. Zuboff devotes a passage to click-wrap and browse-wrap terms: agreements that bind a user who has not read them, that the firm can alter unilaterally, and that courts have largely upheld. She quotes a former FTC chairman as saying \"we all agree that consumers don't read privacy policies\", and cites a 2008 Carnegie Mellon estimate that reading the policies one meets in a year would take 76 full workdays, at a national opportunity cost of $781 billion. That figure is as she reports it; we did not read the Carnegie Mellon paper. New America (an advocacy organisation, page summary) makes the same case: take-it-or-leave-it terms leave consumers no bargaining power, and notice tells people what happens to their data without giving them control.

Law that moves slower than practice. Zuboff describes a four-stage cycle: incursion into undefended space, then habituation while lawsuits and investigations \"unwind at the tedious pace of democratic institutions\", then superficial adaptation, then redirection. In her account, people habituate through some mix of agreement, helplessness and resignation, and the practice comes to seem inevitable. She also tells how the FTC favoured self-regulation in the 1990s and concluded in 2000 that it was not enough, and how Congress voted in March 2017 to overturn broadband privacy rules that would have required meaningful consent. These are her narratives of events, not a survey of US law.

Enforcement after the harm. The US cases in this paper are all remedies: the FTC's Ring and Alexa actions (2023) and its X-Mode order (2024) followed the conduct, and the Ring and Alexa orders were proposed settlements. Nothing in them required a company to warn families, in advance and in plain language, that footage could go to police or that children's recordings were being kept. The schools show the same pattern at a local scale: Cherry Creek removed cameras after finding no agreement for them, and Tennessee's zero-tolerance reporting law pushed a joke towards arrest (section 6 above).

Brazil. The PUC-Rio study by Medeiros, Glatzl Junior and Lifschitz (December 2024) intercepted the traffic from a phone visiting samsung.com and found requests going to Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, Pinterest and ad networks such as Criteo, without the user's explicit awareness. It describes the LGPD as modelled on the GDPR, notes that the ANPD (the data-protection authority) was \"still developing its capacity and authority\", and that the LGPD allows somewhat more flexibility on legitimate interest. Its conclusion calls for more transparency and consent, more resources for the ANPD and clearer guidance on legitimate interest. The study's own limits: a small case study by its authors, and it says it found no direct evidence for the claim that phones capture speech for ads. On children, the ANPD's ECA Digital page says Law 15.211/2025 entered into force in March 2026, obliges platforms to adopt reliable age verification, parental supervision and controls on games and on advertising aimed at minors, and that the ANPD will update its enforcement and sanctions rules, with a date expected of November 2026. We did not read the law or its implementing decree: the Planalto page was blocked by a captcha.

The race to adopt. The user-side pressure the paper calls FOMO is not a term in Zuboff, but the mechanism is. She argues that people turn to digital services for what she calls effective life, and that the services mediate nearly every form of social participation, so the choice to refuse is costly. On the firm side she quotes a Verizon executive: to play in the Olympics you must compete against Google and Facebook. Both pressures push adoption ahead of understanding, which is why consent given at the moment of adoption is weak protection.

What this does not establish. That the laws do nothing: the FTC orders show enforcement happens, and the ECA Digital is new and its sanctions rules are not yet in force. That a legal duty to alert is missing everywhere: we did not read the statutes. The supportable claim is narrower: the sources show consent-based regimes that do not inform, enforcement that arrives after the conduct, and in Brazil a new child-focused law whose enforcement is still being built.

8. Discussion

The evidence supports a pattern, not a plot. Across the cases the same three steps recur: make a person or animal legible by tracking, value what has been made legible, and lend or sell against that value. Plantation ledgers tracked output per worker; slave mortgages lent against the persons themselves; a Paraná pilot registers collar-tracked cows as collateral. The function (control, asset protection, risk reduction) is continuous.

The mechanism differs in ways Zuboff identifies. The old forms tracked labour or property inside a relationship (planter and workforce, factory and worker) and the lender needed the asset to stay productive. The digital form extracts behavioural surplus from people who are not employees or customers in that sense, and sells forecasts of their behaviour to third parties. The cow case sits between the two: the animal is property, so the lender's interest is the old one, while the data stream that makes the lending cheap is new. That is the one place this paper's two claims meet.

Three cautions follow from the evidence status above.

  1. The slave-mortgage and cattle-collateral cases share a function. We have not shown a shared causal chain, and the cattle case rests on secondary press.
  2. No source ties Halter or Thiel to the Brazilian pilot, and none shows school-lot camera data being sold. Both would be our inference.
  3. The word \"extraction\" covers different things: forecasts sold by platforms, raw location records sold by brokers (settled FTC allegations), and vehicle data shared across agencies (partly alleged). Using one word for all three is a rhetorical choice, and the paper should say so.

The satire in Part I exploits exactly these gaps. Its narrator says \"sharing\" where a source says \"sharing\", and \"forecast\" where Zuboff says forecast, and lets the reader supply the rest. That is why every figure in it is traced above.

9. Limits and open items

The press sources used here are secondary, and several sit close to company announcements; we have said so in the status table. The following would move claims from reported to verified, and none has been read.

10. Modern slavery, and whom finance serves

The argument of this paper, taken from Rosenthal and Zuboff, is that records made to manage people became instruments of finance, and that the people recorded were not the ones who gained. The author goes one step further: finance today still serves those who control labour and assets, and still turns away the poor. This section sets out what the sources read for this paper show about that claim, and what they do not.

The International Labour Organization, with Walk Free and the IOM, estimates that 50 million people were living in modern slavery in 2021, 28 million of them in forced labour, 86 per cent of it in the private economy and 14 per cent imposed by states, and that this is 10 million more than in 2016 (26). The ILO reported in 2024 that forced labour in the private economy generates about US$236 billion in illegal profits a year, US$64 billion more than in 2014, of which commercial sexual exploitation accounts for 73 per cent (27). The World Bank's Global Findex 2025 finds that 79 per cent of adults worldwide have an account (28), so about one in five do not; one trade report puts that at 1.3 billion adults (29).

What these sources do not show: none of them says that banks or funds finance forced labour, that lenders profit from it, or that exclusion from accounts is designed. The ILO profit figure is the illegal profit of those who exploit, not a flow of bank finance. The slave mortgage is documented for the nineteenth-century United States only through a secondary summary (reference 4). The modern cases this paper actually documents are narrower: animals used as collateral, and behavioural data used as an asset. To turn the claim into a finding one would need documented loans, insurance or investment tied to operations later found to use forced labour, and data on who is refused credit and why.

The author's position, labelled as such: the pattern Rosenthal found, in which finance rewards those who hold people and property as assets and rations access for the poor, continues in new forms. This is an argument offered with the evidence above, not a result of this paper.

References

Ordered as used, in ABNT format (NBR 6023); entry 30 was added last. [s. d.] means no date was shown on the page; [S. l.] means no place was shown; the access month is the month this paper was prepared. The note in square brackets at the end of each entry says what was read: full text; summary = page summary from a fetch tool; headline = search-result title only.

Books and papers

  1. ZUBOFF, Shoshana. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019. [PDF supplied; full text searched, relevant passages read.]
  2. MEDEIROS, A. S. de; GLATZL JUNIOR, L. A.; LIFSCHITZ, S. Surveillance capitalism revealed: tracing the hidden world of web data collection. [S. l.]: arXiv, 2024. Preprint arXiv:2412.17944. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17944. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [PDF supplied; full text read. A ResearchGate copy was not fetchable (HTTP 429).]
  3. ROSENTHAL, Caitlin. Accounting for slavery: masters and management. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. [Not read; summary only, in Harvard Magazine (see the link): https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2018/09/accounting-for-slavery]

Slave mortgages

  1. WIKIPEDIA. Slave mortgage. [S. l.]: Wikipedia, [s. d.]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_mortgage. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; cites Schermerhorn and Martin.]

Cattle collateral and Halter

  1. B3 'VENDE' vaca tokenizada e arrecada mais de R$ 100 mil. Exame, [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://exame.com/future-of-money/b3-vende-vaca-tokenizada-e-arrecada-mais-de-r-100-mil/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; via Cointelegraph.]
  2. BRAZILIAN farmers tokenized dairy cows to get loans. CoinDesk, [S. l.], 24 July 2026. Available at: https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/24/brazilian-farmers-tokenized-dairy-cows-to-get-loans-bypassing-bank-lending-limits. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary.]
  3. BRAZILIAN farmers use AI collars to tokenize cows. BigGo Finance, [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://finance.biggo.com/news/0c9f7f60-7919-4c73-916e-8ea82027e6fb. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary.]
  4. PETER Thiel's big bet on solar-powered cow collars. TechCrunch, [S. l.], 4 Apr. 2026. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/04/unpacking-peter-thiels-big-bet-on-solar-powered-cow-collars/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary.]
  5. POR QUE o cofundador do PayPal investiu US$ 220 mi em coleiras inteligentes para vacas? TecMundo, [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.tecmundo.com.br/internet/411998-por-que-o-cofundador-do-paypal-investiu-us-220-mi-em-coleiras-inteligentes-para-vacas.htm. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Headline only; the page could not be fetched (robots.txt).] Also JURICIC, Luke. Halter capta recursos da Founders Fund com avaliação de US$ 2 bilhões. Investing.com Brasil, [S. l.], 20 Mar. 2026. Available at: https://br.investing.com/news/company-news/halter-capta-recursos-da-founders-fund-com-avaliacao-de-us-2-bilhoes-93CH-1875973. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Full text read (supplied by the user); a machine-translated rewrite of a Bloomberg report citing unnamed people, four days before the company's own announcement.]

Cameras, brokers, children

  1. WHAT'S behind the Flock camera controversy. Northeastern University News, [S. l.], 31 Aug. 2026. Available at: https://news.northeastern.edu/2026/08/31/flock-camera-controversy/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary.]
  2. AURORA puts Flock cameras at 9 high schools. Hoodline, [S. l.], Sept. 2026. Available at: https://hoodline.com/2026/09/aurora-puts-flock-cameras-at-9-high-schools-sparking-fear-over-kids-data/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary.]
  3. CALIFORNIA drivers accuse Flock Safety of sharing data. Courthouse News, [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://courthousenews.com/california-drivers-accuse-flock-safety-of-sharing-data-with-federal-and-out-of-state-agencies/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; allegations.]
  4. UNITED STATES. Federal Trade Commission. Order prohibits X-Mode Social and Outlogic from selling sensitive location data. Washington, DC, Jan. 2024. Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/ftc-order-prohibits-data-broker-x-mode-social-outlogic-selling-sensitive-location-data. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; primary source.]
  5. DATA brokers admit they're selling information on precise location, kids, and reproductive healthcare. Malwarebytes, [S. l.], Mar. 2024. Available at: https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2024/03/data-brokers-admit-theyre-selling-information-on-precise-location-kids-and-reproductive-healthcare. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; reports the California registry.]
  1. AMAZON's Ring cancels partnership with Flock. TechCrunch, [S. l.], 13 Feb. 2026. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/13/amazons-ring-cancels-partnership-with-flock-a-network-of-ai-cameras-used-by-ice-feds-and-police/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; company statements.]
  2. UNITED STATES. Federal Trade Commission. [Press release on Ring employees and hackers; title not confirmed]. Washington, DC, 31 May 2023. Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-says-ring-employees-illegally-surveilled-customers-failed-stop-hackers-taking-control-users. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; primary source; proposed order.]
  1. UNITED STATES. Federal Trade Commission; Department of Justice. [Press release charging Amazon over children's Alexa voice recordings; title not confirmed]. Washington, DC, 31 May 2023. Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-doj-charge-amazon-violating-childrens-privacy-law-keeping-kids-alexa-voice-recordings-forever. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; primary source; proposed order.]
  1. AMAZON admits giving Ring camera footage to police without a warrant or consent. The Intercept, [S. l.], 13 July 2022. Available at: https://theintercept.com/2022/07/13/amazon-ring-camera-footage-police-ed-markey/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; reports Amazon's letter to Sen. Markey.]
  2. BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE. Closing the data broker loophole. New York, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/closing-data-broker-loophole. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; advocacy organisation, separates facts from its position.]
  1. STUDENTS arrested for AI surveillance false alarms. NBC Miami, Miami, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/students-arrested-for-ai-surveillance-false-alarms/3675406/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; secondary; figures not checked against district records.]
  2. FLORIDA teenager arrested after asking ChatGPT how to kill his friend. Euronews, [S. l.], 8 Oct. 2025. Available at: https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/10/08/florida-teenager-arrested-after-asking-chatgpt-how-to-kill-his-friend. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; WFLA original not fetchable (403).]
  1. BRAZIL. Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados. ECA Digital. Brasília, DF, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/eca-digital. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; official source (in Portuguese). The Planalto page on the implementing decree was not readable.]
  2. NEW AMERICA. How \"notice and consent\" fails to protect our privacy. Washington, DC, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.newamerica.org/insights/how-notice-and-consent-fails-to-protect-our-privacy/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; advocacy organisation.]
  1. PABLO, Carlito. Strata (condo) privacy dispute: tenant loses fight to install security camera in door peephole. The Georgia Straight, Vancouver, 7 May 2020. Republished by Condo Living. Available at: https://condoliving.substack.com/p/condo-resident-loses-fight-to-install. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Full text read (supplied by the user); secondary report of a B.C. Human Rights Tribunal ruling.]
  2. RECORDINGLAW.COM. Neighbor security camera laws. [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.recordinglaw.com/us-laws/surveillance-camera-laws/neighbor-security-camera-laws/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; general information, not legal advice.]
  1. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. Global estimates of modern slavery: data for 2021. Geneva, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/50-million-people-worldwide-modern-slavery-0. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary page read; official source.]
  2. UN agency reports forced labor generates US$236B illegal profits per year. JURIST, [S. l.], Mar. 2024. Available at: https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/03/un-agency-reports-forced-labor-generates-us236-billion-illegal-profits-per-year/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary; secondary, the ILO report itself not read.]
  3. WORLD BANK. The Global Findex Database. Washington, DC, [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Summary page read; official source.]
  4. FINANCIAL inclusion at record high, but 1.3 billion still unbanked: World Bank Global Findex 2025 report. BIIA, [S. l.], [s. d.]. Available at: https://www.biia.com/financial-inclusion-at-record-high-but-1-3-billion-still-unbanked-world-bank-global-findex-2025-report/. Accessed: Oct. 2026. [Headline only; secondary.]
  1. HALTER. Halter raises $220M in Series E to accelerate global expansion of virtual fencing. Business Wire, Boulder, 24 Mar. 2026. Available at: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260324036414/en/Halter-Raises-%24220M-in-Series-E-to-Accelerate-Global-Expansion-of-Virtual-Fencing. Accessed: 3 Oct. 2026. [Full text read (supplied by the user); company press release, not independent.]

Satirical frame: SWIFT, Jonathan. A modest proposal for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland from being a burden to their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick. Dublin, 1729 (public domain). Part I echoes its title, cadence and closing protestation of disinterest.

As of 3 October 2026.